Detailed Working Mechanism Of Optical Encoders

Digital encoders come in a large variety. There are linear encoders, rotary encoders, industrial angle encoders and so on. In rotary encoders, there is further subclassification between magnetic, capacitive and optical encoders. Optical encoders are one of the most accurate, detailed and repeatable readings among the three. As is evident, it uses light and converts it into an appropriate signal. But how does this process work exactly? In this blog, Walker Machinery, distributors of Heidenhain optical encoders, explore the step-by-step process of how this encoder works.

Working Mechanism Of Optical Encoders

1. The light coming from a light source, such as an LED, goes through a code disk. It is a transparent disk with innumerable lines on its surface. 

2. Next, the incoming light is picked up by the photodetector assembly. In simpler terms, it is known as a photo array diode or a photosensor.

3. This photo sensor takes the incoming light beam and produces a sinusoidal waveform. This waveform is then converted into a square wave or a pulse train. To simplify the signal of the pulse train, if there is the presence of light it is ‘ON’, and in the absence of light, it is ‘OFF’.

4. The pulse signal mentioned above is sent to the controller via an electronic board.

5. Lastly, based on this feedback, the controller sends the appropriate signal to the encoder and consequently the machine, such as to stop, start, rotate and so on.

In this manner, optical encoders offer excellent feedback and control, providing accurate and precise readings across a large sample size. This is why this type of rotary encoder is a staple in robotics, CNC lathes, mills and other machine tool operations.

To know more about optical encoders, and other varieties of linear, rotary encoders and industrial angle encoders, reach out to us at Walker Machinery Inc. today. A proud distributor of Heidenhain shaft encoders, we back the exceptional quality of digital encoders with our excellent customer service. Give us a call at 905-876-0890 today to boost your bottom line.